Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
Published on: May 29, 2020
Circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA and IgM) and complement components (C3c, C4 and Factor
K S Akinlade1, O G Arinola, L S Salimonu
1Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Ibadan, Oyo State.
Objective:
To evaluate serum levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs), immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgA and IgM) and Complement Components (C3c, C4 and Factor B) in Nigerians with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Design:
Case control study.
Setting:
University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Subjects:
Forty-two subjects with diabetic mellitus (17 Type 1 D. M. and 25 Type 2 D. M.) and 21 apparently healthy control subjects.
Intervention:
Serum level of CICs was measured by polyethylene glycol precipitation method while single radial immunodiffusion method was used to measure serum levels of immunoglobulins and complement components.
Results:
Only CICs were significantly higher in Type 1 diabetic subjects compared with the controls whereas CICs C3c, C4 and IgM were significantly increased in Type 2 diabetic subjects compared with the controls. The levels of CICs, C3c and IgM were significantly elevated in Type 2 diabetics compared with Type 1 diabetics.
Conclusion:
CIC concentrations may serve as a useful index of depressed host defences usually associated with diabetics mellitus and that humoral immunity is deranged more in Type 2 diabetics compared with Type 1 diabetics. Probably as a result of hyperinsulinaemia associated with insulin resistance.
Related Concept Videos
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Complement System
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

