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Related Concept Videos

Tonicity in Plants00:53

Tonicity in Plants

Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water. It depends on the quantity of solute that does not penetrate the membrane. Tonicity delimits the magnitude and direction of osmosis and results in three possible scenarios that alter the volume of a cell: hypertonicity, hypotonicity, and isotonicity. Due to differences in structure and physiology, tonicity of plant cells is different from that of animal cells in some scenarios.Plants and Hypotonic EnvironmentsUnlike animal cells,...
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the atmosphere, the...
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The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Tonicity in Plants01:20

Tonicity in Plants

Plant cells maintain appropriate osmotic balance in extreme conditions. For instance, plants in dry environments store water in vacuoles, limit the opening of their stoma, and have thick, waxy cuticles to prevent unnecessary water loss. Some species of plants that live in salty environments store salt in their roots. As a result, water osmosis occurs in the root from the surrounding soil.
Tonicity
Tonicity describes the capacity of a cell to lose or gain water depending on the solute...
Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

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Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Adherence of Bacteria to Plant Surfaces Measured in the Laboratory
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Published on: June 19, 2018

Co phytoavailability for tomato in amended calcareous soils.

A Perez-Espinosa1, R Moral, J Moreno-Caselles

  • 1Dpt. Agroquimica y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPS-Orihuela, E-03312 Orihuela-Alicante, Spain.

Bioresource Technology
|December 14, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sewage sludge application increased cobalt (Co) uptake in tomato plants, with higher concentrations found in roots than edible fruits. Organic amendments enhanced Co phytoavailability over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Soil Science
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Cobalt (Co) phytoavailability in agricultural soils is influenced by amendments.
  • Sewage sludge is a common soil amendment with potential impacts on metal uptake.
  • Understanding Co dynamics is crucial for food safety and plant health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess cobalt phytoavailability in tomato plants grown on sewage sludge-amended soil.
  • To investigate the effect of different sewage sludge rates and Co concentrations on plant uptake.
  • To determine the correlation between soil Co fractions and plant accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Field plot study with a tomato cultivar on Calcic Petrocalcid soil.
  • Treatments included varying sewage sludge rates (0, 60, 120 t ha⁻¹) and CoCl₂ addition (0-200 mg kg⁻¹).
  • Analysis of soil Co fractions (water, ammonium acetate, DTPA-extractable) and plant tissue Co concentrations over time.

Main Results:

  • Soil Co was predominantly in non-available forms.
  • Co accumulation in tomato plants followed the gradient: root > leaf > stem + branches > fruit.
  • Fruit Co concentrations ranged from 4 to 25 mg kg⁻¹.
  • Organic amendment significantly enhanced plant Co extraction, especially over time.
  • Plant extraction efficiency decreased with increasing soil Co levels.
  • Fruit Co showed the strongest correlation with all soil Co extraction pools.

Conclusions:

  • Sewage sludge amendment increases Co phytoavailability and uptake in tomato plants.
  • Co accumulation is highest in roots and lowest in fruits.
  • Soil Co fractions, particularly DTPA-extractable, are indicators of plant-available Co.
  • The study highlights the importance of managing sewage sludge application to control potential Co transfer into food crops.