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Latanoprost and pigmentation.

Ian Grierson1, Monica Jonsson, Kathryn Cracknell

  • 1Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Medicine, University of Liverpool L693G, UK. eou@liv.ac.uk

Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology
|December 14, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Latanoprost, used for glaucoma, can cause irreversible iris pigmentation by stimulating melanin production, not cell growth. Eyelash and skin pigment changes are reversible after stopping the medication.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Latanoprost is a prostaglandin analogue effective for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
  • It is generally well-tolerated with once-daily dosing for up to 5 years.
  • A known side effect is increased iris, eyelash, and periocular pigmentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism behind latanoprost-induced pigmentation.
  • To determine if latanoprost affects melanocyte proliferation or causes other iris pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.
  • Morphologic study of human peripheral iridectomy specimens.
  • Analysis of treated patients for melanin granule obstruction.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests latanoprost does not induce melanocyte proliferation.
  • No significant latanoprost-induced pathologic changes were found in the iris.
  • No evidence of melanin granules blocking outflow pathways was observed.
  • Increased iridial pigmentation appears to result from stimulated melanogenesis, possibly via tyrosinase.

Conclusions:

  • Latanoprost-induced iris pigmentation is likely due to stimulated melanin production, not cell proliferation.
  • Increased iridial pigmentation is irreversible, while eyelash and skin pigmentation changes are reversible.
  • Further studies are ongoing to fully understand the mechanism of latanoprost-induced pigmentation.

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