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Richard Lower, M.D., physician and surgeon (1631-1691).

Arthur J Donovan1

  • 1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2025 Zonal Avenue, 90033 Los Angeles, California, USA. adonovan@sbcglobal.net

World Journal of Surgery
|December 14, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Richard Lower pioneered cardiovascular and respiratory research, utilizing surgical techniques like cardiac massage and positive-pressure respiration. His work demonstrated the lungs

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Area of Science:

  • Physiological research
  • Surgical innovation
  • Cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Background:

  • Richard Lower, a follower of William Harvey, extensively studied cardiovascular and respiratory physiology.
  • He utilized surgery as a primary experimental method.

Discussion:

  • Lower described and employed cardiac massage and positive-pressure respiration for arterial oxygenation.
  • He established the lungs' role in the "admixture of air" to blood.
  • His research included blood transfusion and exchange transfusion in animals and humans.

Key Insights:

  • Lower recognized blood transfusion's importance in replacing lost blood.
  • He utilized extracorporeal vascular conduits, including arterial heterografts, for exchange transfusion.
  • His surgical experiments confirmed that all mesenteric lymph passes through the thoracic duct to the subclavian vein.

Outlook:

  • Lower performed open-thorax procedures, closed thoracotomies, and post-operative observation.
  • His significant contributions as a pioneer surgical investigator remain underrecognized.

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