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Respiratory and systemic mycoses: an overview.

¹Department of Medical Mycology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi. vpci@delnet.ren.nic.in

The Indian Journal of Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences

|December 16, 2004

Summary

Systemic mycoses are a growing global health concern, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Improved diagnostics and antifungal drug development are crucial for managing these emerging infectious diseases.

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Area of Science:

Medical Mycology
Infectious Diseases
Public Health

Background:

Respiratory and systemic mycoses are increasingly significant global infectious diseases.
The rise in immunocompromised patients (e.g., due to AIDS, organ transplantation) fuels the emergence of these fungal infections.
Specific mycoses like blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, and penicilliosis marneffei are endemic in India, with penicilliosis marneffei being a major concern for AIDS patients in Southeast Asia.

Discussion:

Opportunistic mycoses, especially those caused by yeasts, are becoming more prevalent than those caused by filamentous fungi.
Changes in antifungal drug use have led to increased incidence and altered species spectrum, including infections with resistant strains.
Lack of specific clinical/radiological signs and limited diagnostic facilities in many regions lead to misdiagnosis, often with tuberculosis.

Key Insights:

Systemic mycoses pose a significant threat, particularly to vulnerable populations.
Antifungal resistance is a growing challenge, necessitating new drug development.
Accurate and timely diagnosis is hampered by non-specific symptoms and inadequate diagnostic infrastructure.

Outlook:

There is a critical need for comprehensive studies to map endemic areas of systemic mycoses.
Developing rapid diagnostic techniques for systemic pathogenic fungi is essential.
Establishing a network of diagnostic mycology laboratories in developing countries is urgently required to combat rising mortality.

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