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The prospects for polymorphisms shared between species.

B Golding1

  • 1Department of Biology, York University, North York, Ontario, Canada.

Heredity
|March 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Shared genetic polymorphisms, identical across distantly related species, challenge neutral evolution theories. Selection, likely overdominant or frequency-dependent, maintains these ancient genetic variations.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Identical molecular-level polymorphisms are shared between distantly related species, challenging neutral evolution.
  • This phenomenon extends beyond Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)/Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) loci and may involve older polymorphisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms maintaining shared polymorphisms across species.
  • To evaluate the roles of overdominant and frequency-dependent selection in preserving genetic diversity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular evidence and population genetics studies.
  • Analysis of selection models (overdominance, frequency-dependent selection).
  • Consideration of effective population size and allele frequency variance.

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Main Results:

  • Shared polymorphisms are common and unlikely to arise from neutral processes.
  • Overdominant selection requires strong selective pressures, often incompatible with small effective population sizes.
  • Frequency-dependent selection offers a plausible mechanism for maintaining polymorphisms in smaller populations.

Conclusions:

  • Shared polymorphisms suggest non-neutral evolutionary forces are at play.
  • Frequency-dependent selection may be a more permissive mechanism than overdominance for maintaining polymorphisms in species with smaller effective population sizes.
  • Analyzing allele frequency variance can help differentiate between selection models.