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Acid suppression in the perioperative period
Joseph R Pisegna1, Robert G Martindale
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. jpisegna@ucla.edu
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|December 16, 2004
Summary
Anesthesia-related aspiration is a serious surgical risk, potentially causing death and lung injury. Proton pump inhibitors show promise for preventing aspiration in high-risk patients.
Area of Science:
- Anesthesiology
- Critical Care Medicine
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Aspiration of gastric contents during general anesthesia is a rare but severe complication.
- It contributes significantly to anesthesia-related mortality and morbidity, including aspiration pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the risks and outcomes associated with anesthesia-related aspiration.
- To identify high-risk patient populations.
- To evaluate current and emerging preventive strategies.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on anesthesia-related aspiration.
- Analysis of complications and mortality data.
- Evaluation of perioperative treatments for aspiration prevention.
Main Results:
- Aspiration can lead to severe pulmonary complications and death.
- Elderly patients and those with specific conditions are at higher risk.
- Traditional treatments like antacids and H2-receptor antagonists have limitations.
Conclusions:
- Aspiration prevention is crucial in perioperative care, especially for high-risk individuals.
- Proton pump inhibitors are emerging as effective and well-tolerated agents for preventing aspiration and stress ulcers in surgical patients.