Pulmonary C-fiber stimulation by capsaicin evokes reflex cholinergic bronchial vasodilation in sheep

We investigated changes in bronchial blood flow (Qbr) associated with capsaicin-induced stimulation of pulmonary C-fibers in seven anesthetized and two unanesthetized sheep. A Doppler flow probe chronically implanted around the common bronchial artery provided a signal (delta F, kHz) linearly related to bronchial arterial blood velocity (Vbr, cm/s), which was proportional to Qbr. An index of bronchial vascular conductance (Cbr, in arbitrary units) was calculated as the ratio of Vbr to systemic arterial pressure (Pa). Right atrial injection of capsaicin evoked a prompt pulmonary chemoreflex (apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension), with immediate increases in Vbr (average +34%) and Cbr (+63%) that reached a maximum approximately 7 s after the injection. A second increase in Vbr, but not in Cbr, occurred approximately 12 s later, coinciding with an increase in Pa. Vagal cooling (0 degrees C) prevented the pulmonary chemoreflex; it also abolished the immediate increases in Vbr and Cbr in four of six sheep and substantially reduced them in two sheep; it did not affect the late increases in Vbr and Pa. Results after atropine indicated that the immediate increases in Vbr and Cbr were mainly cholinergic. In two sheep a small residual vasodilation survived combined cholinergic and adrenergic blockade and may have been due to peripheral release of neurokinins.