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Related Experiment Videos

Impact on soft sand: void collapse and jet formation.

Detlef Lohse1, Raymond Bergmann, René Mikkelsen

  • 1Faculty of Science and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.

Physical Review Letters
|December 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Dropping a steel ball onto decompactified sand creates an impact crater and ejects granular jets. A simple continuum theory explains the void collapse leading to these upward and downward jets.

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Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Granular Mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding granular material behavior under impact is crucial for various scientific and engineering applications.
  • Previous studies have explored impact phenomena in granular media, but the specific mechanisms of jet formation and void collapse require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of impact crater formation and subsequent granular jet ejection in decompactified fine sand.
  • To develop a theoretical framework explaining the void collapse mechanism responsible for generating both upward and downward granular jets.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation involving dropping a steel ball onto prepared fine sand.
  • Discrete particle simulations to model the granular flow and impact dynamics.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Development and application of a simple continuum theory to analyze void collapse.

    • Main Results:

    • Impact of a steel ball on decompactified sand results in a "splash" and crater formation.
    • Cavity collapse generates an upward-moving granular jet and a downward-moving jet entraining an air bubble.
    • The rising air bubble leads to a granular eruption on the surface.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully elucidates the complex interplay between impact, void collapse, and jet formation in granular materials.
    • A continuum theory provides a valuable tool for understanding and predicting the behavior of granular jets.
    • The findings offer insights into phenomena such as granular eruptions and subsurface material transport.