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Related Concept Videos

Group Design02:01

Group Design

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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Aggression01:47

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Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for...
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Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

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Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
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Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

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Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Related Experiment Video

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Violence or nonviolence: which do we choose?

John Schafer1

  • 1Nursing Science, College of Nursing ML 0038, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA. john.schafer@uc.edu

Journal of Interpersonal Violence
|December 17, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Despite extensive research, the practical impact on reducing global violence remains low. The author proposes a centralized national institute for violence research and increased study of nonviolence to improve scientific utility.

Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Public Health
  • Criminology

Background:

  • A significant body of research on violence exists.
  • The current utilitarian value of this research is questioned due to persistent high levels of violence.
  • Existing research efforts may lack sufficient focus and coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utilitarian value of current violence research.
  • To propose a more effective framework for addressing violence through scientific study.
  • To advocate for increased research into nonviolence.

Main Methods:

  • This study is primarily a critical review and conceptual analysis of existing research paradigms.
  • It synthesizes findings from various disciplines studying violence.

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  • It proposes a new strategic direction for research funding and focus.

    • Main Results:

    • The utilitarian impact of current violence research is assessed as low in relation to the scale of global violence.
    • A need for a centralized, national-level approach to violence research in the United States is identified.
    • The study highlights the under-researched area of nonviolence.

    Conclusions:

    • A dedicated national institute for violence research is recommended to centralize efforts and funding.
    • Increased scientific investigation into nonviolence is crucial for enhancing the practical utility of research.
    • A paradigm shift towards more focused and coordinated research is necessary to effectively combat violence.