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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
Published on: June 25, 2018
Nucleation rates for the condensation of monovalent metals
Ranjit Bahadur1, Richard B McClurg
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Abstract:
We show that consideration of both cluster growth and magic numbers are necessary to accurately calculate nucleation rates for the condensation of alkali and coinage metal vapors. The effects are not additive. Rates calculated using the modified theory differ up to several orders of magnitude from typical classical calculations. Calculated rates compare favorably with experimental nucleation onset and rate data for lithium, sodium, cesium, and silver. Verifiable predictions are made for the other alkali and coinage metals.
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