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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies
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An Orthotopic Bladder Cancer Model for Gene Delivery Studies

Published on: December 2, 2013

Current state of immunotherapy for bladder cancer

Wassim Kassouf1, Ashish M Kamat

  • 1Department of Urology, Unit 446, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. kasso98@hotmail.com

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
|December 21, 2004
PubMed

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been shown to be the most effective agent for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer since its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder in 1990. Recently, augmentation of BCG immunotherapy with interferon-alpha2b and other agents is emerging as salvage therapy for those patients who fail initial treatment. This review summarizes the role of various immunotherapeutic agents in the treatment of bladder cancer, with special emphasis on the appropriate administration and schedule of BCG therapy as well as salvage with the combination of BCG with interferon-alpha2b.

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