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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Serial Position Effect01:03

Serial Position Effect

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The serial position effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals are more likely to recall the first and last items in a list compared to those in the middle. This effect is divided into the primacy effect and the recency effect. The primacy effect is observed when the initial items in a list are remembered better. This occurs because these items are rehearsed more frequently or receive more elaborative processing, allowing them to be encoded into long-term memory more effectively. For...
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Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

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While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
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Atomic Weight01:25

Atomic Weight

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Protons and neutrons have approximately the same mass, about 1.67 × 10-24 grams. Scientists arbitrarily define this amount of mass as one atomic mass unit (amu) or one Dalton. Electrons are much smaller in mass than protons, weighing only 9.11 × 10-28 grams, or about 1/1800 of an atomic mass unit. As a result, they do not contribute much to an element's overall atomic mass. This means that, when considering atomic mass, it is customary to ignore the mass of any electrons and...
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Mass and Weight01:19

Mass and Weight

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Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Susac syndrome: serial diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

Mao Sheng Xu1, Chai Beng Tan, T Umapathi

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
|December 21, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Susac syndrome, a condition causing hearing loss, vision loss, and encephalopathy, presents MRI findings that mimic multiple sclerosis. However, specific diffusion-weighted imaging patterns can help distinguish Susac syndrome from other demyelinating diseases.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Susac syndrome (SS) is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by a clinical triad of hearing loss, retinal artery occlusion, and encephalopathy.
  • Typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings include multiple focal lesions in the corpus callosum and subcortical white matter, often leading to misdiagnosis as multiple sclerosis.

Observation:

  • Diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI reveals new lesions as hyperintense with a reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
  • These characteristic lesions may evolve over time, becoming less prominent or hypointense on subsequent DW MRI scans.

Findings:

  • Serial DW imaging and ADC mapping demonstrate dynamic changes in lesion appearance.
  • These imaging features offer a potential method for differentiating Susac syndrome from other demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.

Implications:

  • Accurate differentiation of Susac syndrome is crucial for appropriate treatment and management.
  • Advanced MRI techniques, particularly DW imaging and ADC mapping, can improve diagnostic accuracy for Susac syndrome.
  • This distinction can prevent misdiagnosis and guide targeted therapeutic strategies, improving patient outcomes.