A fibroin secretion-deficient silkworm mutant, Nd-sD, provides an efficient system for producing recombinant proteins

The silkworm Nd-s(D) mutant is silk fibroin-secretion deficient. In the mutant, a disulfide linkage between the heavy (H) and light (L) chains, which is essential for the intracellular transport and secretion of fibroin, is not formed because of a partial deletion of the L-chain gene. To utilize the inactivity of the mutant L-chain, we investigated the possibility of using the Nd-s(D) mutant for the efficient production of recombinant proteins in the silkworm. A germ line transformation of the mutant with a normal L-chain-GFP fusion gene was performed. In the transgenic mutant, normal development of the posterior silk gland (PSG) was restored and it formed a normal cocoon. The biochemical analysis showed that the transgenic silkworms expressed the introduced gene in PSG cells, produced a large amount of the recombinant protein, secreted it into the PSG lumen, and used it to construct the cocoon. The molar ratio of silk proteins, H-chain:L-chain-GFP:fibrohexamerin, in the lumen and cocoon in the transgenic silkworm was 6:6:1, and the final product of the fusion gene formed about 10% of the cocoon silk. This indicates that the transgenic mutant silkworm possesses the capacity to produce and secrete the recombinant proteins in a molar ratio equal to that of the fibroin H-chain, contributing around half molecules of the total PSG silk proteins.