Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Differentiation of Mouse Breast Epithelial HC11 and EpH4 Cells
Published on: February 27, 2020
Differential expression of TGF-beta isoforms during differentiation of HaCaT human keratinocyte cells: implication
Hang-Rae Cho1, Seok-Beom Hong, Young Il Kim
1Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
Abstract:
The three mammalian isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta1, beta2, beta3) are potent regulators of cell growth, differentiation, and extracellular matrix deposition. To study their role in skin differentiation, we investigated the expression of TGF-beta isoforms on cell growth and differentiation induction of the human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT by elevating the Ca(2+) concentration. An ELISA and RT-PCR assay revealed secreted TGF-beta 1 protein and TGF-beta 1 mRNA were increased during calcium-induced differentiation. In contrast, major differences were seen for TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 mRNA which were decreased during differentiation, but TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta3 protein were not evident on an ELISA. These results suggest different functions for each TGF-beta isoforms in epidermal differentiation, such that TGF-beta 1 is associated with the more differentiated state, and TGF-beta 2 and TGF-beta 3 may be associated the more proliferated state.
Related Concept Videos
TGF - β Signaling Pathway
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
Cadherins in Tissue Organization
Cell Sorting During Development
Cell sorting plays an...
Forced Transdifferentiation
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
