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Updated: Aug 5, 2026

Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
Published on: May 16, 2016
Some endotoxin-induced clinical and biochemical changes in plasma of camels (Camelus dromedarius)
1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, PO Box 1757, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. amd1995@hotmail.com
Abstract:
Intravenous administration of endotoxin, prepared from E. coli serotype O55:B5, at a dose of 0.1 microg/kg body weight to calves and adult camels induced fever and increased haematocrit, triiodothyronine and cortisol values. The endotoxin-treated animals showed significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total protein, urea, glucose and creatinine. A significant increase was seen in the activity of aspartate aminotransaminase and creatine kinase. These results demonstrate high sensitivity of camels to endotoxin.
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