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Altered adiposity after extremely preterm birth.

Sabita Uthaya1, E Louise Thomas, Gavin Hamilton

  • 1Division of Paediatrics, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Rd., London SW10 9NH, UK.

Pediatric Research
|December 22, 2004
PubMed
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Preterm infants show altered body composition at term age, with less subcutaneous fat and more intra-abdominal fat. Accelerated growth and illness severity impact adiposity, potentially increasing later metabolic risks.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Adipose tissue quantity and distribution are key indicators of morbidity risk.
  • The third trimester is critical for rapid adipose tissue deposition.
  • Preterm infants may experience altered adiposity due to premature birth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate body composition differences in preterm infants compared to term-born infants at term-equivalent age.
  • To explore the relationship between postnatal growth, illness severity, and adipose tissue distribution in preterm infants.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to quantify adipose tissue volumes.
  • Anthropometric indices were measured in preterm (<32 wk gestational age) and term-born infants.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Data were collected at term-equivalent age for preterm infants.

    • Main Results:

    • Preterm infants were lighter and shorter but had similar total adiposity compared to term-born infants at term-equivalent age.
    • Preterm infants exhibited significantly reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue and increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue.
    • Accelerated postnatal weight gain correlated with increased total and subcutaneous adiposity; illness severity was linked to increased intra-abdominal adiposity.

    Conclusions:

    • Preterm infants experience altered adipose tissue partitioning, with reduced subcutaneous and increased intra-abdominal fat.
    • Accelerated postnatal growth and illness severity are significant factors influencing adiposity in preterm infants.
    • These adiposity changes may contribute to the increased risk of metabolic complications later in life for preterm infants.