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Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Antibody Structure

Antibody Structure

Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation

Immunoprecipitation, or IP, is a widely used technique that employs protein-antibody interactions to isolate proteins or protein complexes in their native state for studying protein-protein interactions, quaternary structures, or supramolecular complexes. Various modifications of the technique, including chromatin IP, cross-linking IP, and fluorescence IP, are commonly used.
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Chromatin immunoprecipitation, also known as ChIP, is used to study protein-DNA or...

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibody Structure and Classes

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells

Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells

Published on: June 5, 2015

Rat immunoglobulins.

J Rousseaux¹, H Bazin

¹Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer, INSERM U124, Place de Verdun, B.P. 3567, 59020 Lille, France.

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

|November 1, 1979

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review details rat immunoglobulin isotypes and their similarities to human classes. Monoclonal antibodies from LOU immunocytomas were used to define these immunoglobulin properties.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells

Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells

Published on: June 5, 2015

Generation of Two-color Antigen Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of IgG and IgM Autoantibodies

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Published on: September 15, 2016

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

Published on: March 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Comparative Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Five immunoglobulin isotypes exist in humans and rats.
Previous research has established homologies between human and rat immunoglobulin classes.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the LOU rat immunocytoma model.
To detail the physicochemical and biological properties of rat immunoglobulins.

Main Methods:

Utilized monoclonal immunoglobulins derived from LOU immunocytomas.
Characterized physicochemical and biological properties of rat immunoglobulins.

Main Results:

Defined homologies between human and rat immunoglobulin classes.
Provided a comprehensive overview of rat immunoglobulin characteristics.

Conclusions:

LOU rat immunocytomas serve as a valuable model for studying immunoglobulin properties.
The study clarifies the similarities and characteristics of rat immunoglobulins compared to human counterparts.