Design, synthesis, and 3D QSAR of novel potent and selective aromatase inhibitors

The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of new aromatase inhibitors bearing an imidazole or triazole ring linked to a fluorene (A), indenodiazine (B), or coumarin scaffold (C) are reported. Properly substituted coumarin derivatives displayed the highest aromatase inhibitory potency and selectivity over 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17-20 lyase. The modeling of the aromatase inhibition data by Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA/GOLPE 3D QSAR approach) led to the development of a PLS model with good fitting and predictive powers (n = 22, ONC = 3, r(2) = 0.949, s = 0.216, and q(2) = 0.715). The relationship between aromatase inhibition and the steric and electrostatic fields generated by the examined azole inhibitors enables a clear understanding of the nature and spatial location of the main interactions modulating the aromatase inhibitory potency.