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Torsed appendix testis: gray scale and color Doppler sonographic findings compared with normal appendix testis
Dal Mo Yang1, Joo Won Lim, Jee Eun Kim
1Department of Radiology, Gachon Medical School Gil Medical Center, 1198 Guwol-Dong, Namdong-Gu, Incheon 405-760, Korea. dmyang@ghil.com
Summary
Sonography can diagnose torsed appendix testis. Larger size (≥5 mm), spherical shape, and increased periappendiceal blood flow indicate torsion of the appendix testis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Torsion of the appendix testis is a common cause of acute scrotal pain in children.
- Accurate diagnosis is crucial to differentiate from other scrotal pathologies, such as testicular torsion.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare sonographic features of the appendix testis in children with torsion versus controls.
- To evaluate the diagnostic utility and limitations of sonographic criteria for appendix testis torsion.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 11 torsed and 15 normal appendix testes in 12 children.
- Sonographic assessment included gray scale and color Doppler evaluation of size, shape, echogenicity, and blood flow.
Main Results:
- Torsed appendix testes were larger (≥5 mm) and more spherical than normal ones.
- No internal blood flow was detected in either torsed or normal appendix testes.
- Increased periappendiceal blood flow was significantly higher in torsed cases.
Conclusions:
- Gray scale and color Doppler sonography are valuable tools for diagnosing appendix testis torsion.
- Key indicators of torsion include appendix testis size ≥5 mm, spherical shape, and increased periappendiceal blood flow.