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Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Determination of the Absorption, Translocation, and Distribution of Imidacloprid in Wheat
Published on: April 28, 2023
Simultaneous determination of imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam in soil and water by high-performance
Guang-Guo Ying1, Rai S Kookana
1CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide Laboratory, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia. guang-guo.ying@csiro.au
Abstract:
A high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) is described for the determination of three neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam in soil and water. The soil samples were extracted with acetonitrile, while the water samples were extracted using C18 cartridges. The mean recoveries plus standard deviations for spiked soil samples were 82 +/- 4.2% for thiamethoxam, 99 +/- 4.2% for imidacloprid and 94 +/- 1.4% for thiacloprid. The recoveries for water samples ranged from 87 +/- 3.4% for thiamethoxam to 97 +/- 3.9% for imidacloprid and 97 +/- 2.6% for thiacloprid. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.1, 0.1, 0.01 mg/kg in soil (5g), and 2, 2, 0.5, micro/L in water (50 mL) for thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid, respectively.
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