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Model development for nutrient loading estimates from paddy rice fields in Korea.

Ji-Hong Jeon1, Chun G Yoon, Jong-Hwa Ham

  • 1Graduate Program, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes
|December 29, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Reducing surface drainage in paddy rice fields is crucial for controlling nonpoint source pollution. A new model, PADDIMOD, simulates water and nutrient (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) behavior to aid in evaluating best management practices.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology

Background:

  • Paddy rice cultivation involves significant water and nutrient dynamics.
  • Understanding these balances is key to mitigating environmental impacts, particularly nonpoint source pollution.
  • Surface drainage is a major pathway for nutrient loss in rice fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate water and nutrient balances in paddy rice fields.
  • To identify the primary sources and pathways of water and nutrient outflow.
  • To develop and validate a simplified computer model (PADDIMOD) for simulating these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a field experiment over 2001-2002 to collect water and nutrient balance data.
  • Analyzed water balance components, including surface drainage and evapotranspiration.

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  • Developed the PADDIMOD model to simulate daily ponded water depth, surface drainage, and nutrient concentrations (total nitrogen and total phosphorus).

    • Main Results:

    • Surface drainage accounted for 50-60% of total water outflow; evapotranspiration was 490-530 mm.
    • Fertilization was the primary source of total phosphorus (T-P) inflow, while total nitrogen (T-N) inflow came from multiple sources including fertilization and precipitation.
    • Nutrient loss via surface drainage was substantial (20% for T-N, 10% for T-P), despite plant uptake being the largest outflow component.
    • The PADDIMOD model demonstrated reasonable accuracy in simulating observed data, showing good model fitness.

    Conclusions:

    • Minimizing surface drainage from paddy fields is essential for effective nonpoint source pollution control.
    • The PADDIMOD model serves as a practical tool for evaluating best management practices (BMPs) in rice cultivation.
    • Further calibration and validation of PADDIMOD may be needed for diverse agricultural environments.