Autologous blood transfusion in total hip arthroplasty

To determine the possibility of avoiding homologous blood transfusion during total hip arthroplasty, and to clarify the problems associated with autologous blood transfusion.

A total of 253 patients received autologous blood transfusion during total hip arthroplasty between April 1990 and December 2000. Patients were assessed for the volume of haemorrhage during surgery, possibility of avoidance of homologous blood transfusion, and the disposal of autologous blood.

There were no significant differences in the mean volume of haemorrhage among different underlying diseases. The mean total volume of haemorrhage was 2039 (standard deviation, 992) ml in revision surgery and 1673 (717.3) ml in primary surgery (p<0.05). The rate of avoidance of homologous blood transfusion was 75% among patients who underwent primary surgery, and 61% among those who underwent revision surgery. The rate was 95% in cases in which a combination of preoperative blood pooling and intra-operative recovery was used, 49% in cases where the preoperative blood pooling system alone was used, and 42% in those in which the intra-operative recovery system alone was employed. The autologous blood had to be disposed of in 3 (1%) cases, all of which were revision procedures with replacement of the polyethylene liner alone.

Combined use of the preoperative blood pooling and intra-operative recovery systems is effective for avoiding homologous blood transfusion.