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Bacteriospermia in extended porcine semen
Gary C Althouse1, Kristina G Lu
1Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 West Street Road, Kennett Square, PA 19348-1692, USA. gca@vet.upenn.edu
Theriogenology
|January 1, 2005
Summary
Bacterial contamination in porcine semen is common, affecting quality. Controlling boar hygiene and using effective antimicrobials are key to maintaining semen viability for swine breeding programs.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Animal Reproduction
Background:
- Bacteriospermia frequently occurs in porcine semen, negatively impacting quality and longevity.
- Bacterial contamination in swine semen originates primarily from boars, but also from environmental factors and personnel.
Purpose of the Study:
- To retrospectively analyze bacterial contamination in extended porcine semen.
- To identify common bacterial contaminants and evaluate control strategies.
Main Methods:
- A 1-year retrospective study of 250 extended porcine semen samples.
- Routine quality control bacteriological screening was performed.
Main Results:
- 31.2% of samples tested positive for bacterial contamination.
- Common contaminants included Enterococcus spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans.
- Aminoglycosides are the most common antimicrobials used, with increasing use of beta-lactams and lincosamides.
Conclusions:
- Good hygiene, sanitation, and monitoring are crucial for controlling bacterial load in porcine semen.
- Understanding in vitro pharmacodynamics is essential for effective antimicrobial use in swine artificial insemination.