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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...

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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

[Plant retrotransposons and their application].

Zhi-Wei Chen1, Wei-Ren Wu

  • 1College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.

Yi Chuan = Hereditas
|January 1, 2005
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Retrotransposons are highly active genetic elements in plants that can alter gene function and genome structure. This review covers their types, regulation, movement, evolution, and potential as genetic tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular biology
  • Genomics

Context:

  • Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements prevalent in plant genomes.
  • They are known for their high activity and potential to cause significant genomic changes.

Purpose:

  • To review the current understanding of retrotransposons in plants.
  • To discuss their types, structure, expression, transposition, and evolution.
  • To explore their utility as genetic tools.

Summary:

  • This review synthesizes information on plant retrotransposons, detailing their diverse types and structures.
  • It examines the mechanisms regulating their expression and transpositional activity.
  • The evolutionary dynamics and impact on host genomes are also discussed.

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview of plant retrotransposon biology.
  • Highlights the significant role of retrotransposons in plant genome evolution and variation.
  • Discusses the potential applications of retrotransposons in plant genetic engineering and research.