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Bias in spatial memory: a categorical endorsement
Daniel B M Haun1, Gary L Allen, Douglas H Wedell
1Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Barnwell College, Columbia, SC 29208, USA. daniel.haun@mpi.nl
Acta Psychologica
|January 4, 2005
Summary
Spatial memory estimates show bias influenced by response mode and category structure. Both single and multiple category models explain these biases, supporting an implicit region-based model of spatial memory.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Spatial Cognition
- Human Memory
Background:
- Understanding spatial memory bias is crucial for cognitive models.
- Previous research suggests category effects influence spatial judgments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how angular estimates are biased by response mode, geometric plane, category number, memory load, and task conditions.
- To test single and multiple category adaptations of the category-adjustment model.
Main Methods:
- Two experiments involving motor and verbal estimates of spatial locations from memory.
- Manipulation of response modes, geometric planes, number of categories, and cognitive load.
- Analysis of estimation biases using category-adjustment models.
Main Results:
- Estimates in both motor and verbal modes showed bias consistent with a single-category model.
- Estimates under multiple category conditions were also biased and fit a multiple-category model.
- Cognitive load did not produce a graded effect on bias.
Conclusions:
- Results support an implicit region-based model of bias in spatial memory.
- Findings suggest spatial memory coding may involve multiple systems or formats.