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Variability in apoptotic response to poliovirus infection
Lyudmila I Romanova1, George A Belov, Peter V Lidsky
1M.P. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow Region 142782, Russia.
Virology
|January 5, 2005
Summary
Poliovirus infection triggers varied cell death responses, including apoptosis and necrosis, depending on the cell type and viral replication efficiency. Some cells exhibit incomplete apoptosis suppression, while others show delayed cell death or resistance to apoptosis induction.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Apoptosis Research
Background:
- Poliovirus infection can induce apoptosis, but viral anti-apoptotic mechanisms often suppress this process.
- Cellular responses to poliovirus vary, leading to either cytopathic effect (CPE) or apoptosis depending on infection outcome.
- Understanding these variable host responses is crucial for comprehending viral pathogenesis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate distinct cellular responses to poliovirus infection in different cell lines.
- To elucidate the mechanisms underlying concurrent apoptosis and CPE in murine L20B cells.
- To analyze the apoptotic potential and resistance in human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells.
Main Methods:
- Infection of murine L20B and human RD cells with poliovirus.
- Analysis of cytopathic effect (CPE), apoptosis markers (cytochrome c efflux, caspase activation), and viral replication.
- Assessment of apoptosis induction by non-viral inducers and caspase inhibition.
Main Results:
- Murine L20B cells exhibited concurrent CPE and apoptosis, with incomplete suppression of viral-induced apoptosis.
- Productive infection in L20B cells showed early cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation.
- Human RD cells displayed resistance to poliovirus-induced apoptosis, with late apoptosis observed after viral reproduction ceased.
Conclusions:
- Poliovirus infection elicits diverse cellular death pathways, not always fully suppressed by viral factors.
- Cellular context significantly influences the outcome of poliovirus infection, determining susceptibility to apoptosis.
- The study highlights variable host-pathogen interactions in viral-induced cell death.