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[Epidemiologic features of Mediterranean spotted fever in Portugal]

Rita de Sousa1, Sónia Dória Nóbrega, Fátima Bacellar

  • 1Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, CEVDI Aguas de Moura, Lisboa.

Acta Medica Portuguesa
|January 6, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF), a tick-borne illness, is endemic in Portugal. This study highlights its high incidence, particularly in children, and regional variations in severe cases and mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology of tick-borne diseases
  • Rickettsial infections
  • Public health surveillance

Context:

  • Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) is a significant tick-borne rickettsial disease in Portugal, endemic since 1930.
  • Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks are the primary vectors and reservoirs for Rickettsia conorii strains causing MSF.
  • The disease presents with fever, rash, and a tick bite lesion, typically benign but with recent reports of increased severity.

Purpose:

  • To analyze the incidence, regional distribution, and demographic patterns of Mediterranean spotted fever in Portugal.
  • To investigate trends in MSF severity and mortality, particularly in specific districts and age groups.
  • To assess the underreporting of this notifiable disease in Portugal.

Summary:

  • Portugal exhibits the highest incidence of MSF in Mediterranean countries (9.8/10^5 inhabitants, 1989-2000), with Alentejo and Bragança showing high regional rates.
  • Children aged 1-4 years have the highest incidence (60.2/10^5 inhabitants).
  • Beja district recorded the highest MSF mortality, with an unusual spike in 1997 (7.6/100,000).

Impact:

  • This research underscores the substantial public health burden of MSF in Portugal, necessitating enhanced surveillance and control strategies.
  • Findings emphasize the need to address regional disparities and age-specific risks associated with MSF.
  • The study highlights significant underreporting, indicating a need for improved diagnostic and notification practices for this tick-borne illness.

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