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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
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Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

Risk factors for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a case-control study

Lizbeth Hernández-Ronquillo1, José Francisco Téllez-Zenteno, Natali Weder-Cisneros

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. liztellez33@hotmail.com

Archives of Medical Research
|January 6, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal sepsis, low birth weight, and younger gestational age are key risk factors for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants requiring ventilatory support. Early identification and management of sepsis are crucial for improving outcomes in these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Neonatal care advances increase survival rates for very premature infants.
  • Development in ventilatory support is crucial for survival but can cause lung injury.
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) incidence is rising due to increased survival of premature infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.
  • To identify associations between neonatal and maternal factors and BPD development.
  • To provide insights for managing BPD in neonatal intensive care units.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
  • Included 22 premature infants with BPD (cases) and 22 controls requiring ventilatory support.
  • Analyzed neonatal and maternal risk factors including sepsis, birth weight, and gestational age.

Main Results:

  • Late sepsis (OR 7.29) and multiple sepsis episodes (OR 7.60) were significantly associated with BPD.
  • Low birth weight and younger gestational age at birth were also identified as risk factors.
  • Sepsis emerged as a primary modifiable risk factor for BPD development.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal sepsis is a significant risk factor for BPD in premature infants.
  • Low birth weight and gestational age are confirmed risk factors for BPD.
  • Findings align with previous research in developed countries, highlighting sepsis as a critical factor.
Abstract

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