Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation
06:15

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

Bronchiolitis obliterans in children

Geoffrey Kurland1, Peter Michelson

  • 1Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. geoffrey.kurland@chp.edu

Pediatric Pulmonology
|January 7, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare pediatric complication following transplantation or other exposures. Early recognition and improved therapies are crucial due to uncertain prognosis and limited treatment success.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Transplantation Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a rare but serious condition in children.
  • It is increasingly recognized as a complication of pediatric lung and bone marrow transplantation.
  • BO can also result from various illnesses and toxic exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Bronchiolitis obliterans in children.
  • To highlight the challenges in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment.
  • To identify critical areas for future research and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes existing literature on Bronchiolitis obliterans.
  • It discusses the pathology, pathogenesis, and molecular aspects of BO.
  • The article examines BO in the context of transplantation and other etiologies.

Main Results:

  • Bronchiolitis obliterans has a complex and not fully understood pathology and pathogenesis.
  • Prognosis for BO is uncertain, and current treatments are often unsuccessful.
  • There is a critical need for identifying surrogate markers and developing novel therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into the molecular pathology of BO is essential.
  • Developing effective preventative strategies and treatments for pediatric BO is paramount.
  • Continued investigation is required to improve outcomes for affected children.

More Related Videos

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation10:01

Development of Obliterative Bronchiolitis in a Murine Model of Orthotopic Lung Transplantation

Published on: July 10, 2012

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.