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Related Experiment Videos

Lactate production in adipose tissue: a regulated function with extra-adipose implications.

M DiGirolamo1, F D Newby, J Lovejoy

  • 1Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30303.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|April 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Adipose tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Glucose metabolism

Background:

  • Previous estimates (1-3%) underestimated adipose tissue's role in glucose metabolism.
  • Adipose tissue metabolizes glucose to lactate and pyruvate, not just CO2 and triglycerides.
  • Lactate production is influenced by nutritional status, obesity, and diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the quantitative contribution of adipose tissue to whole-body glucose metabolism.
  • To explore the regulation and physiological significance of adipocyte lactate production.
  • To discuss the role of adipose tissue-derived lactate in fuel economy during health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies assessing lactate production under varying glucose, insulin, and epinephrine levels.

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  • In vivo studies correlating fat cell size with glucose conversion to lactate.
  • Analysis of adipocyte glucose metabolism in obese and diabetic models (rats and humans).

    • Main Results:

    • Adipose tissue's contribution to glucose metabolism is revised to 10-30%.
    • Significant positive correlation (r=0.89) between rat fat cell size and glucose-to-lactate conversion.
    • Obese and diabetic adipocytes convert 50-70% of glucose to lactate.

    Conclusions:

    • Adipose tissue plays a larger role in glucose metabolism than previously thought.
    • Adipose tissue lactate may support hepatic gluconeogenesis (fasting) and glycogen synthesis (fed).
    • Adipocyte lactate production is a key factor in metabolic regulation during physiological and pathological states.