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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Anatomical Reconstructions of the Human Cardiac Venous System using Contrast-computed Tomography of Perfusion-fixed Specimens
Published on: April 18, 2013
Prevention of contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity after angiographic procedures
1Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom. sameh.morcos@sth.nhs.uk
Abstract:
Contrast medium-induced nephrotoxicity (ie, contrast nephrotoxicity [CN]) remains an important complication of angiographic procedures. If administration of iodinated contrast medium is deemed necessary in patients at high risk of CN, volume expansion should be offered and the lowest possible dose of nonionic isosmolar dimeric or nonionic low-osmolar monomeric contrast medium should be used. Prophylactic administration of fenoldopam or acetylcysteine has not offered consistent protection against CN. Intravenous acetylcysteine could be considered in emergency situations. Recently, sodium bicarbonate infusion has been shown to reduce the risk of CN. Hemofiltration for several hours before and after contrast medium injection may offer good protection against CN in patients with advanced renal disease. Prophylactic hemodialysis does not offer any protection against CN.
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