Infection control guidelines, the new generation

Attention to infection control and concerns over transmission of disease is not a new phenomenon relative to the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. There is evidence dating back to the early part of the 19th century of theories and practices designed to minimize infection risks associated with health care delivery. These strategies were not necessarily based in research, or what is referred to as evidence-based, but more on observation. Nonetheless, the practices were successful and evolved over time into principles of infection control. Over the past decade, guidelines for infection control have become evidence-based, where possible. In the absence of evidence, assumptions based on past experience and knowledge have driven recommendations. The newly released Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings, 2003, reflect a format different from the 1993 guidelines, and the recommendations are ranked according to categories of existing scientific data, theoretical rationale, and the opinions of experts.