[Maxillofacial surgery and distraction osteogenesis--history, present, perspective]

Area of Science:

• Regenerative medicine
• Orthopedic surgery
• Craniofacial surgery

Context:

• Distraction osteogenesis involves controlled bone tension after surgical cuts (osteotomy/corticotomy).
• It aims to regenerate new bone tissue with normal biological properties.
• This technique has seen significant adaptation in oral and maxillo-facial surgery over the past decade.

Purpose:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of distraction osteogenesis.
• To detail its historical development and surgical techniques, including principles from G. Ilizarov.
• To explore its biological underpinnings, such as tension-stress phenomena and effects on surrounding tissues.

Summary:

• The abstract reviews distraction osteogenesis, a process of controlled bone lengthening via new tissue formation.
• It covers historical advancements, surgical methods (e.g., mandibular, mid-face, cranio-orbito-maxillary), and biological effects on bone, soft tissues, vessels, and nerves.
• The technique's application in oral and maxillo-facial surgery is highlighted, noting its ease of use and proven outcomes.

Impact:

• Distraction osteogenesis offers a viable method for bone regeneration and lengthening.
• Its application in craniofacial reconstruction yields stable functional and aesthetic improvements.
• The technique shows significant promise for future advancements in reconstructive surgery.