Optimization of the extended terminal subfluidization wash (ETSW) filter backwashing procedure

The increased passage of particles and microorganisms through granular media filters immediately following backwashing is a common problem known to the water treatment community as filter "ripening" or maturation. While several strategies have been developed over the years to reduce the impact of this vulnerable period of the filtration cycle on finished water quality, this research involves a recently developed filter backwashing strategy called the extended terminal subfluidization wash (ETSW). ETSW is a method of terminating the backwash cycle with a subfluidization wash for a period of time sufficient to pass one theoretical filter-volume of water upward through the filter. ETSW was shown to remove significantly greater quantities of backwash remnant particles thereby reducing the magnitude of filter ripening turbidity and particle count spikes. Optimum ETSW flow rates were determined for deep-bed anthracite and granular activated carbon filters herein by monitoring filter effluent turbidities and particle counts during the filter ripening period. Optimality of the coagulation process was also shown to influence the magnitude of filter ripening particle passage. ETSW was found to be equally effective for biological and conventional deep-bed anthracite filters.