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Related Experiment Videos

Convection in containerless processing.

Robert W Hyers1, Douglas M Matson, Kenneth F Kelton

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA. hyers@ecs.umass.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 13, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Combining electrostatic levitation (ESL) and electromagnetic levitation (EML) offers complementary approaches for studying material processing, particularly convection effects in steels and quasicrystals under microgravity conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Solidification Science

Background:

  • Containerless processing techniques like electrostatic levitation (ESL) and electromagnetic levitation (EML) have distinct advantages and limitations.
  • Combining multiple techniques can address different facets of complex materials processing challenges.
  • Convection plays a critical role in solidification phenomena, influencing phase selection, nucleation, and growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the suitability of combining ESL and EML for materials research, focusing on convection.
  • To compare the convective conditions achievable with ESL and EML for diverse materials.
  • To investigate phase selection in steels and quasicrystal formation under controlled conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of electrostatic levitation (ESL) and electromagnetic levitation (EML) for containerless processing.

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  • Experimental studies on a low-viscosity stainless steel and a high-viscosity quasicrystal-forming alloy.
  • Utilizing computational techniques to estimate convective velocities due to the infeasibility of direct measurement.

    • Main Results:

    • ESL and EML are complementary techniques, especially when convection is a key experimental parameter.
    • Convective conditions differ significantly between ESL and EML, influenced by material properties (viscosity, temperature).
    • Computational modeling is essential for understanding convection in microgravity experiments like LODESTARS and QUASI.

    Conclusions:

    • The combined use of ESL and EML provides a versatile platform for investigating materials processing under microgravity.
    • Understanding and controlling convection is crucial for successful phase selection and microstructure evolution.
    • Computational fluid dynamics are indispensable tools for interpreting microgravity materials science experiments.