Pattern of insulin delivery affects hepatic insulin sensitizing substance (HISS) action and insulin resistance

Hepatic insulin sensitizing substance (HISS) action accounts for 55% of the glucose disposal effect of a bolus of insulin in the fed state. To determine the effect of continuous versus pulsatile insulin delivery on HISS action in male Sprague-Dawley rats, insulin sensitivity was assessed using the rapid insulin sensitivity test (RIST) before and after a continuous, pulsatile, or bolus insulin (60 mU/kg i.v.) delivery. There was a significant difference in the RIST index after a continuous insulin infusion (247.9 mg/kg before, 73.2 mg/kg after) but not after 3 pulses where insulin action returned to baseline between pulses (211.6 mg/kg before, 191.0 mg/kg after) or single bolus (205.8 mg/kg before, 189.9 mg/kg after) insulin infusion. If a 3-pulse infusion was timed so that insulin action did not return to baseline between pulses, HISS action was suppressed. Continuous insulin infusion (10-30 min) showed progressive postinfusion blockade of HISS action. To maintain HISS-dependent insulin action, continuous insulin infusions should be avoided.