Theoretical model and computer simulation of excitation-contraction coupling of mammalian cardiac muscle

A mathematical model is developed to investigate the kinetics of electrical, mechanical and molecular processes in mammalian cardiac muscle. Isometric contractions at different muscle length and frequency of stimulation in response to a rhythmically applied clamp pulse or artificial action potential are simulated. Numerical results show that concentration of Ca2+ ions, bound to Ca(2+)-specific sites on protein troponin C, could be a regulatory factor in actin-myosin interactions and subsequent production of force in Huxley's mathematical approach for the sliding mechanism. The behavior of the model is compared to that of living cardiac muscle.