Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency
18:10

Isolation of Fidelity Variants of RNA Viruses and Characterization of Virus Mutation Frequency

Published on: June 16, 2011

Translation and replication of FMDV RNA

G J Belsham1

  • 1BBSRC Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 ONF, UK. graham.belsham@bbsrc.ac.uk

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|January 15, 2005
PubMed

Insights

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA translation and replication involve a crucial switch. Viral RNA sequences contain signals controlling RNA roles for efficient virus replication.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) RNA is infectious and requires translation for protein production.
  • Viral RNA must transition from translation to replication for new virion assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the functions of FMDV RNA elements and viral proteins in replication.
  • To emphasize unique aspects of FMDV RNA translation and replication.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral RNA sequences and encoded proteins.
  • Discussion of cellular protein interactions with viral RNA and proteins.

Main Results:

  • Viral RNA sequences contain signals that control the switch between translation and replication.
  • Cellular proteins interact with viral RNA and proteins, influencing replication efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Efficient FMDV replication depends on the interplay between RNA elements, viral proteins, and cellular factors.
  • Understanding FMDV RNA's dual role is key to controlling viral propagation.

More Related Videos

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy09:13

Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

Published on: November 1, 2011

Reverse Genetics Mediated Recovery of Infectious Murine Norovirus13:48

Reverse Genetics Mediated Recovery of Infectious Murine Norovirus

Published on: June 24, 2012

Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...