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Bombesin-induced gastroprotection.
Sonlee D West1, David W Mercer
1Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX 77026, USA.
Annals of Surgery
|January 15, 2005
Summary
Bombesin, a gut peptide, protects the stomach from injury primarily by releasing gastrin. This process involves sensory neurons, nitric oxide, and increased blood flow, enhancing gastric mucosal defense.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Bombesin is an endogenous gut peptide found in the stomach.
- It modulates gastric acid and peptide secretion.
- Emerging evidence highlights bombesin's potent gastroprotective properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the gastroprotective mechanisms of bombesin.
- To elucidate the signaling pathways involved in bombesin-induced gastric protection.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on bombesin and gastric protection.
- Analysis of studies involving gastrin receptor blockade, somatostatin manipulation, capsaicin-sensitive afferent neuron ablation, and cyclo-oxygenase/nitric oxide synthase inhibition.
Main Results:
- Bombesin-induced gastroprotection is mainly mediated by endogenous gastrin release, blocked by gastrin receptor antagonists.
- Somatostatin modulates bombesin's effects; its immunoneutralization enhances bombesin's gastroprotection.
- Capsaicin-sensitive afferent neuron ablation abolishes bombesin's protective effect.
- Cyclo-oxygenase inhibition partially reverses the effect, while nitric oxide synthase inhibition negates it.
- Bombesin increases gastric mucosal blood flow via nitric oxide synthase activation.
Conclusions:
- Bombesin triggers endogenous gastrin release, which activates gastric sensory neurons.
- This activation leads to nitric oxide production and increased mucosal blood flow, ultimately protecting the stomach from injury.