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In vitro embryotoxicity assessment with dental restorative materials.

S Schwengberg1, H Bohlen, N Kleinsasser

  • 1Axiogenesis AG, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 50, 50931 Köln, Germany.

Journal of Dentistry
|January 18, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA) in dental materials shows significant embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in mouse embryonic stem cells. Further in vivo studies are recommended for this dental monomer.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Developmental Toxicology
  • Biocompatibility Testing

Background:

  • Resin (co)monomers from dental restorative materials can leach into the body.
  • Some dental composite components exhibit genotoxic potential, linked to tumor initiation and embryotoxicity.
  • Assessing the embryotoxic potential of dental monomers is crucial for patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the embryotoxic potential of Bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA), urethanedimethacrylate (UDMA), hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), and triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA).
  • To assess metabolic intermediates: 2,3-epoxy-2-methyl-propionicacid-methylester (EMPME), methacrylic acid (MA), and 2,3-epoxy-2-methylpropionic acid (EMPA).
  • To investigate the effects using a modified fluorescent mouse embryonic stem cell test (R.E.Tox).

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Main Methods:

  • Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were differentiated for 12 days in the presence of test compounds.
  • Fluorescence indicating cardiac myocyte differentiation was measured.
  • Cytotoxicity was assessed using a standard MTT assay to differentiate effects.

Main Results:

  • Bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA) caused significant inhibition of ES cell differentiation and cytotoxicity at 10(-5)M, with embryotoxic effects at lower concentrations.
  • 2,3-epoxy-2-methylpropionic acid (EMPA) reduced ES cell differentiation at 10(-5)M without cytotoxicity.
  • Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), triethyleneglycoldimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and EMPME showed no adverse effects; methacrylic acid (MA) increased differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Bisphenol A glycidylmethacrylate (BisGMA) demonstrates a significant embryotoxic/teratogenic effect across a wide concentration range.
  • This dental monomer warrants further investigation through in vivo experiments due to its observed effects.
  • Other tested monomers like HEMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and intermediates showed minimal or no adverse embryotoxic potential in this assay.