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Related Experiment Videos

Cyanogenic glucosides in grapevine: polymorphism, identification and developmental patterns.

T K Franks1, Y Hayasaka, S Choimes

  • 1Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture, PO Box 154, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. tricia.franks@adelaide.edu.au

Phytochemistry
|January 18, 2005
PubMed
Summary
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Grapevine leaves show varying levels of cyanide potential, with two cultivars exhibiting significantly higher levels due to cyanogenic glucosides. This trait

Area of Science:

  • Plant biochemistry
  • Vitis vinifera L. research

Background:

  • Cyanide potential is a trait in plants, involving the release of cyanide.
  • Cyanogenic glucosides are plant compounds that can release cyanide.
  • Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) interactions with pests and pathogens may be influenced by plant chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey cyanide potential in mature grapevine leaves across different cultivars.
  • To characterize the nature of cyanide compounds in high-cyanide potential grapevines.
  • To identify specific cyanogenic glucosides in Vitis vinifera L.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of cyanide potential in 12 grapevine cultivars using beta-glucosidase-treated extracts.
  • Analysis of free vs. bound cyanide fractions in leaf extracts.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for cyanogenic glucoside identification.
  • Enzyme activity assay (beta-glucosidase) in leaf tissue.

    • Main Results:

    • Two grapevine cultivars (Carignan, Ruby Cabernet) showed a 25-fold higher cyanide potential than 10 others, indicating polymorphism.
    • High cyanide potential in Ruby Cabernet is linked to endogenous beta-glucosidase activity, classifying it as cyanogenic.
    • Prunasin and sambunigrin were identified as the primary cyanogenic glucosides in high-potential cultivars.
    • Leaves accumulated significantly higher cyanide potential compared to other grapevine tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Cyanide potential is a polymorphic trait in Vitis vinifera L., primarily due to cyanogenic glucosides.
    • The presence of endogenous beta-glucosidase in certain cultivars facilitates cyanide release.
    • Identification of prunasin and sambunigrin provides insight into grapevine chemical defenses.
    • Understanding cyanogenic glucoside accumulation aids in studying grapevine interactions with biotic factors.