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Serum immune complexes and disease.

A J Woodroffe, M Foldes, P E McKenzie

    Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine
    |April 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Clq radioimmunoassay detects immune complexes in various diseases. It is valuable for monitoring systemic lupus erythematosus and infective endocarditis, but less useful for glomerulonephritis.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Clinical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Immune complexes are implicated in various autoimmune and infectious diseases.
    • Accurate detection and monitoring of immune complexes are crucial for patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the utility of a solid phase Clq radioimmunoassay for detecting immune complexes in patients with diverse medical conditions.
    • To assess the correlation between immune complex levels and disease activity, particularly in systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis.

    Main Methods:

    • Solid phase Clq radioimmunoassay.
    • Analysis of patient sera from cohorts with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, infective endocarditis, acute rheumatic fever, pre-eclamptic toxaemia, lung cancer, glomerulonephritis, and renal transplant recipients.

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    Main Results:

    • Immune complexes were detected in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, infective endocarditis, acute rheumatic fever, lung cancer, and glomerulonephritis.
    • The assay showed the best correlation with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and infective endocarditis, proving valuable for therapy monitoring.
    • In primary glomerulonephritis, the assay had limited usefulness, detecting immune complexes in only a minority of patients with glomerular immune deposits.

    Conclusions:

    • The Clq radioimmunoassay is a valuable tool for monitoring disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and infective endocarditis.
    • The assay's utility is limited in primary glomerulonephritis and does not support a role for Clq-fixing immune complexes in membranous glomerulonephritis or pre-eclamptic toxaemia pathogenesis.