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[Functional imaging of neurocognitive dysfunction in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]
1Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters der Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim. iwolf@zi-mannheim.de
Der Radiologe
|January 20, 2005
Summary
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder with genetic origins. Neuroimaging studies reveal brain structure differences and highlight oculomotor dysfunctions in ADHD patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurobiology
- Developmental Neuroscience
- Clinical Psychology
Context:
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Symptoms include attention deficits, impulsivity, and hyperactivity, often persisting into adulthood.
- Genetic and neurobiological factors are increasingly recognized as primary causes.
Purpose:
- To review current empirical evidence from neuroimaging studies on ADHD.
- To emphasize the significance of oculomotor dysfunctions in ADHD.
- To discuss the assessment of oculomotor functions within the Magnetic Resonance (MR) environment.
Summary:
- Accumulating evidence from genetic and neuroimaging studies supports ADHD as a predominantly inherited neurobiological disorder.
- Functional MRI and morphometric data indicate volumetric decreases in brain regions crucial for executive functions, such as the basal ganglia.
- Associated behavioral disturbances, including visuomotor and oculomotor deficits, are frequently observed.
Impact:
- This review consolidates findings from brain imaging research, offering insights into ADHD's neurobiological underpinnings.
- It underscores the clinical relevance and research potential of assessing oculomotor dysfunctions in ADHD.
- Provides a foundation for understanding ADHD's complex etiology and associated functional impairments.