Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Monohybrid Crosses

Monohybrid Crosses

Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

The Angiosperm Life Cycle

The Angiosperm Life Cycle

Plants have a life cycle split between two multicellular stages: a haploid stage—with cells containing one set of chromosomes—and a diploid stage—with cells containing two sets of chromosomes. The haploid stage is the gamete-producing gametophyte, and the diploid stage is the spore-producing sporophyte.

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte

Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Gene Regulation During Sporulation

Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Developmental basis of male nipple loss and retention in mammals.

Research square·2025

Same author

Development of a homeolog-specific gene editing system in an evolutionary model for the study of polyploidy in nature.

Frontiers in genome editing·2025

Same author

<i>Tetratricopeptide Repeat 2</i> Is a Quantitative Trait Locus That Controls Seed Size.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025

Same author

Development of an efficient CRISPR-mediated genome editing platform in the diploid-polyploid model system Tragopogon (Asteraceae).

Journal of experimental botany·2025

Same author

Differences in Formation of Prepuce and Urethral Groove During Penile Development Between Guinea Pigs and Mice Are Controlled by Differential Expression of Shh, Fgf10 and Fgfr2.

Cells·2025

Same author

During Water Stress, Fertility Modulated by ROS Scavengers Abundant in Arabidopsis Pistils.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Published on: June 7, 2013

The PRETTY FEW SEEDS2 gene encodes an Arabidopsis homeodomain protein that regulates ovule development.

Sung Ok Park¹, Zhengui Zheng, David G Oppenheimer

¹Department of Botany, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8526, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)

|January 22, 2005

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The PRETTY FEW SEEDS2 (PFS2) gene is crucial for plant ovule development. Mutations cause abnormal ovule structures and failed embryo sac development, impacting fertility.

More Related Videos

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis

Published on: June 19, 2014

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

Published on: June 7, 2013

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis

Published on: June 19, 2014

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Identification of the Genes Involved in Stomatal Development via Epidermal Phenotype Scoring

Published on: January 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Plant developmental biology
Molecular genetics
Reproductive biology

Background:

The PRETTY FEW SEEDS2 (PFS2) gene encodes a homeodomain protein.
PFS2 shares high sequence identity with PRESSED FLOWER and WUSCHEL proteins, suggesting conserved functions.
Ovule development is a complex process critical for plant reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of the PFS2 gene in ovule development and plant organogenesis.
To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying PFS2 function.
To analyze the effects of ectopic PFS2 expression on plant development.

Main Methods:

Analysis of the pfs2-1 mutant allele to observe ovule phenotypes.
Transcriptional analysis to determine PFS2 expression patterns.
Ectopic expression studies to assess the impact of PFS2 misregulation.
Examination of AGAMOUS gene expression in relation to PFS2 activity.

Main Results:

The pfs2-1 mutation leads to abnormal integument morphology and impaired embryo sac development, reducing plant fertility.
PFS2 transcripts are primarily detected in developing ovules, correlating with the observed ovule phenotype.
Ectopic PFS2 expression disrupts primordia differentiation, causing developmental defects like fasciated stems and altered phyllotaxy.
Misexpression of PFS2 interferes with megaspore mother cell differentiation and integument growth in ovules.
PFS2 activity influences AGAMOUS expression, contributing to observed phenotypes.

Conclusions:

PFS2 plays a critical role in regulating ovule patterning and differentiation.
The gene is essential for proper embryo sac development and overall plant fertility.
PFS2 function is conserved among related homeodomain proteins involved in plant development.