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Updated: Aug 20, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published on: June 25, 2019
Object naming and semantic fluency among individuals with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease
Karen J Miller1, Steven A Rogers, Prabha Siddarth
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, the Neuropsychiatric Institute, the Alzheimer's Disease Center, and the Center on Aging, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90024-1759, USA. kmiller@mednet.ucla.edu
Objectives:
This study longitudinally examined the object naming and semantic fluency of individuals who are at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) by virtue of having APOE-4 or a family history of AD.
Methods:
A total of 108 participants (40 with a family history of AD and 43 with APOE-4) completed the Boston Naming Test and the Animal Naming task at initial assessment and after two years.
Results:
At baseline, object naming was significantly lower for those with both risk factors, F(2, 99) = 5.72, p < 0.01, but those with either risk factor had significantly lower scores at follow-up, F(2, 99) = 3.41, p < 0.05. Semantic fluency (animal naming) was reduced among subjects with the APOE-4 allele at baseline, F(1, 100) = 4.02, p < 0.05, but it was not associated with either risk factor at follow-up.
Conclusions:
These deficits may be associated with a prodromal risk for AD and may serve as pre-symptomatic markers for the development of AD.
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