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Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale: development and testing.

Ho Cheung William Li¹, Violeta Lopez

¹The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China. williamli@cuhk.edu.hk

Journal of Clinical Nursing

|January 27, 2005

Summary

A new scale objectively measures children's emotions during medical procedures. The Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale offers a reliable tool for assessing anxiety and coping in pediatric patients.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Psychology
Child Health Research
Behavioral Observation

Background:

Accurate documentation of children's emotions during medical procedures is essential for intervention planning.
A validated and reliable instrument for this purpose is currently lacking in the literature.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an objective, operationalized behavioral observation scale for children's emotional responses during stressful medical procedures.
To evaluate the psychometric properties of this newly developed scale.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 82 children undergoing day surgery.
Scale development based on literature review and expert nurse input.
Psychometric testing included inter-rater reliability (Intra-class correlation), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), content validity, and convergent validity.

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Main Results:

The scale demonstrated adequate inter-rater reliability.
High internal consistency reliability was achieved.
Good content validity and excellent convergent validity were confirmed.

Conclusions:

The Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale effectively addresses a gap in documenting children's emotional responses during medical procedures.
This scale provides nurses with a simple, objective tool for assessing pediatric emotional behavior and evaluating interventions.