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Chloroquine resistant malaria in neonates.

Qasim Khan Khichi1, Mohammad Saleem Channar, Mohammad Ihsan Wairraich

  • 1Department of Paediatric Medicine, Unit II, BVH/Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. qasimkhichi@yahoo.com

Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|January 27, 2005
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal malaria, both congenital and acquired, presents with distinct clinical features. Chloroquine resistance and mortality rates were similar between congenital and acquired cases, indicating no statistically significant difference.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Malariology

Background:

  • Neonatal malaria, a serious condition, requires understanding of its congenital and acquired forms.
  • Clinical presentation and treatment outcomes vary, necessitating specific analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of congenital and acquired malaria in neonates.
  • To compare chloroquine resistance and mortality patterns between the two groups.

Main Methods:

  • An analytical study involving 45 neonatal malaria cases (30 congenital, 15 acquired).
  • Clinical features, parasite identification (Plasmodium species), and treatment response to chloroquine were recorded.
  • Cases resistant to chloroquine were treated with quinine; outcomes were compared using Fischer's exact test.

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Main Results:

  • Congenital malaria (Group A) showed low birth weight and maternal fever; acquired malaria (Group B) presented with fever, anemia, and transfusion history.
  • Plasmodium falciparum was predominant in congenital malaria (76.66%), while Plasmodium vivax was more common in acquired malaria (60%).
  • Chloroquine resistance was observed in 26.66% of congenital and 33.65% of acquired cases, with similar mortality rates (16.66% vs. 13.33%).

Conclusions:

  • Key clinical features include intrauterine growth retardation and maternal fever for congenital malaria, and fever and transfusion history for acquired malaria.
  • Pallor was a common sign in both groups.
  • The patterns of chloroquine resistance and mortality did not differ significantly between congenital and acquired neonatal malaria.