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Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Site-Specific Lysine Lactylation via Genetic Code Expansion in E. coli and Mammalian Cells
Published on: February 24, 2026
Efficient secretion of human lysozyme from the yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis
Takako Iwata1, Ryoichi Tanaka, Masae Suetsugu
1Laboratory of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
Abstract:
Efficient secretion of human lysozyme from the yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis, was achieved by using more stable vectors in the order of S11 replication origin-containing episomal vector < full-length K. lactis plasmid pKD1-containing vector < centromeric vector < chromosome-integrated vectors. Cells containing a PGK (phosphoglycerate kinase) promoter-driven integration vector grown in non-selective rich medium achieved the highest level of secretion, approximately 100 microg lysozyme secretion ml(-1) culture: this level was approximately 10-fold higher than that achieved by episomal vectors. An additional copy of the protein disulfide isomerase gene further facilitated the secretion.
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