Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 19, 2026
Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
Published on: September 16, 2025
Examination of preschool children for ametropia: first experiences using a new hand-held autorefractor
Thomas F Büchner1, Ulrike Schnorbus, Ulrike H Grenzebach
1Ophthalmology Clinic, University Hospital, Muenster, Germany. buechnet@mednet.uni-muenster.de
Introduction:
Over the last decades, various methods have been investigated for preschool screening for amblyogenic ametropia. The SureSight is a new hand-held wavefront-analyzing autorefractor designed for screening.
Methods:
A total of 338 children (3 1/2 - 4 1/2 years-old) were examined in their kindergartens without cycloplegia using the new instrument. Of these, 56 had a cycloplegic retinoscopy as a reference measurement. Hyperopia > or =3 dpt, myopia > or =1 dpt, astigmatism > or =1 dpt and anisometropia > or =1 dpt were considered amblyogenic ametropia.
Results:
Testability was 99.4%. Accuracy was high for cylinder power and axis but poor for the spherical equivalent. Sensitivity was 41% for the detection of amblyogenic hyperopia, 95% for astigmatism and 75% for anisometropia, with specificity values of 92, 79 and 73%.
Conclusion:
The high testability and accuracy for cylinder power and axis are the strong points. The poor accuracy for the spherical equivalent is probably caused by the lack of cycloplegia. At present, non-cycloplegic autorefractor screening cannot be recommended due to the low specificity. Our findings support the advice that objective refraction in childhood must be performed with cycloplegia.
